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【】d torenderanysortofdefenceagainstthisterribleene. itheyear1224thatthefirstgreattartarinvasion tookpladthatthehordesofjenghizkhan,thenqueror ofadetheirfirst appearaheiesennear thekalkariverandrussiaerongolians. justassuddenlyastheyhadetheydisappeared. thirteenyearslater,in1eyretued.inless thanfiveyearstheynqueredeverypartofthevastrussian plains.untiltheyear1380itrydonskoi,grand dukeofsontheplainsofkulikovo,the tartarsastersoftherussianpeople. allinall,ittooktherussiansturiestodeliver theelvesfrohisyoke.forayokeitost offensiveandobjeableouedtheslavicpeasants intoserableslaves.norussianuldhopetosurviveun lessheanwho satisoheheartofthesteppesofsouthe russiaandspatathiitdeprivedthessofthepeopleof allfeelingofhonourandindependedehungerand seryandltreatntandpersonalabusethenorlstate ofhueilatlasttheaveragerussian,werehe peasantooblen,abouthisbusinesslikeaed dogensooftenthathisspirithasbeenbroken andhedarenotission. thereenofthetartarkhan erciless.theendlessprairiedidnotgivea narossintothesafeterritoryofhisneighbour. hestkeepquietandbearasterdecided toinfliorruntheriskofdeath.ofurse,europe ghthaveinterfered.buteuropewasengageduponbusiness ofitsoingthequarrelsbethepopeand theeerororsuppressingthisorthatortheotherheresy. andsoeuropelefttheslavtohisfate,andforcedhio hisoion. thefinalsaviourofrussiaanysllstates, fouheearlynorserulers.ituatedintheheart oftherussianplain.itscapital,seep hillonthe, bydintofpleasiaro please,andopposinghidoso,had, duringtheddleofthefourteeurydeitselfthe leaderofabereeredthatthe tartarsinnstructivepoliticalability. theyuldoroy.theirchiefainnqueringnew territoriesoobtainreveogetthisrevehe forftaxes,itnantsof theoldpoliticalanizationtontinue.heherewere nylittletohegraceofthegreatkhan, thattheyghtactastaxgatherersandrobtheieighbours forthebeofthetartartreasury. thestateofsattheexpehe surroundiory,finallybecastrongenoughtorisk openrebellio
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